In the field of electronic packaging, gold wire and aluminum wire are used in different scenarios due to their performance differences. Multifunctional ball bonding machines need to take into account the welding needs of both. Realizing the rapid switching of gold wire and aluminum wire welding processes can not only improve equipment utilization, but also meet diversified production needs, becoming a key direction for the development of modern ball bonding machine technology.
As the core component of the ball bonding machine that directly contacts the lead, the replaceable design of the welding head is the basis for realizing process switching. In view of the differences in the physical properties of gold wire and aluminum wire, special welding heads of different materials and structures are developed. Ceramic or ruby welding heads are commonly used for gold wire welding. These materials have high hardness and strong wear resistance, which can ensure the stability of gold ball formation; aluminum wire welding uses welding heads with titanium plating or special coating treatment on the surface to enhance the affinity with aluminum wire and prevent adhesion or wire breakage during welding. Through standardized interfaces and quick disassembly structures, operators can complete welding head replacement in a short time, greatly shortening the process switching time.
There are significant differences in the welding parameters of gold wire and aluminum wire, such as welding temperature, ultrasonic power, pressure, etc. The multifunctional ball bonding machine is equipped with an intelligent parameter control system, which has a built-in database of welding process parameters for different materials. When the welding process needs to be switched, the operator only needs to select the gold wire or aluminum wire welding mode in the human-computer interaction interface, and the system will automatically call the corresponding preset parameters and accurately control the welding power supply, ultrasonic generator, pressure sensor and other actuators. At the same time, the system also has a self-learning function, which can dynamically optimize the parameters according to the actual welding effect to ensure that the best welding state can be quickly achieved after each process switch.
Gold wire and aluminum wire have different wire diameters, hardness and ductility, and have different requirements for lead wire feeding and tension control. The ball welding machine adopts a modular lead wire feeding device, which adapts to the feeding requirements of leads of different materials by adjusting the tooth shape of the wire feeding wheel, the speed of the drive motor and the feedback threshold of the tension sensor. For example, gold wire is soft in texture and requires lower tension during transportation to avoid breaking the gold wire due to excessive tension; while aluminum wire has a higher hardness, and the tension needs to be appropriately increased to ensure the stability of wire feeding. Through the coordinated work of the motor and the sensor, the lead delivery and tension control can be quickly adjusted to provide a stable lead supply for welding processes of different materials.
The welding environment has a significant impact on the welding quality of gold and aluminum wires. The multifunctional ball bonding machine is equipped with an adjustable gas protection system. In view of the characteristics of gold wire being sensitive to oxygen and easy to oxidize during welding, high-purity nitrogen is used as the protective gas, and the gas flow rate and purge angle are precisely controlled to prevent gold ball oxidation; for aluminum wire welding, the gas composition and flow rate are appropriately adjusted to reduce the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum wire and improve welding reliability. At the same time, the temperature control system of the equipment can also quickly adjust the temperature of the welding area to provide a suitable thermal environment for welding of different materials, further ensuring the welding quality after process switching.
After each welding process switch is completed, the ball bonding machine needs to quickly complete calibration and inspection to ensure welding accuracy and quality. The equipment has a built-in high-precision visual inspection system and displacement sensor, which automatically determines whether the welding parameters are accurate by quickly scanning and analyzing parameters such as the position, shape, and size of the solder joint. If a parameter deviation is detected, the system will immediately feedback and automatically make fine adjustments without manual intervention. In addition, the mechanical structure and electrical performance of the equipment are regularly self-checked to ensure the stability and reliability of the equipment under different process switching, so as to achieve fast and efficient continuous production.
The multifunctional ball bonding machine realizes the rapid switching of gold wire and aluminum wire welding processes through replaceable welding head components, intelligent parameter control system, optimized lead feeding and tension control, adaptive welding environment system and fast calibration detection mechanism. The coordinated application of these technologies not only improves the versatility and production efficiency of the equipment, but also provides a reliable solution for the diversified welding needs of the electronic packaging industry, and promotes the development of ball bonding machine technology towards intelligence and multifunctionality.
